Mongolia
Country statistics · 1990–present
Mongolia at a Glance
Mongolia is home to 3.5 million people as of 2024, with a population that is growing rapidly. At a GDP per capita of $9,405, it is a lower-middle-income economy — reflecting an economy in active development. Life expectancy at birth stands at 72.4 years, below the global average.
Population Trends
The total resident population stood at 3.5 million as of 2024. With a birth rate of 16.9 and a death rate of 5.5 per 1,000 people (2024), the natural growth rate stands at 11.4 per 1,000 — equivalent to roughly 40,000 additional residents each year from natural change alone.
Economy & Development
Mongolia is a small economy, with a total GDP that is projected at $35 billion (2029 IMF projection). At $9,405 per person, it is classified as a lower-middle-income economy — reflecting an economy in active development. Real GDP growth is projected at 5.0% in 2029, representing solid growth. The unemployment rate is projected at 5.0% (2029 IMF projection), indicating moderate unemployment.
Health & Society
Life expectancy at birth is 72.4 years (2024), below the global average. Current health expenditure per person is $360 (2023), representing very low per-capita healthcare spending, a common constraint in lower-income economies. The adult literacy rate stands at 98.6% (2024), reflecting near-universal literacy. 85.1% of the population use the internet (2024), indicating strong digital connectivity. Access to safe drinking water reaches 43.4% of the population (2024), representing limited safe drinking water access, a significant public health priority.