Estonia
Country statistics · 1990–present
Estonia at a Glance
Estonia is home to 1.4 million people as of 2024, with a population that is experiencing significant natural population decline. At a GDP per capita of $43,876, it is a high-income economy — reflecting a mature, high-productivity economy. Life expectancy at birth stands at 79.3 years, above the global average.
Population Trends
The total resident population stood at 1.4 million as of 2024. With a birth rate of 7.1 and a death rate of 11.5 per 1,000 people (2024), the natural growth rate stands at -4.4 per 1,000 — equivalent to roughly -6,038 additional residents each year from natural change alone.
Economy & Development
Estonia is a smaller economy, with a total GDP that is projected at $60 billion (2029 IMF projection). At $43,876 per person, it is classified as a high-income economy — reflecting a mature, high-productivity economy. Real GDP growth is projected at 2.1% in 2029, representing modest growth. The unemployment rate is projected at 6.5% (2029 IMF projection), indicating moderate unemployment.
Health & Society
Life expectancy at birth is 79.3 years (2024), above the global average. Current health expenditure per person is $2,438 (2024), representing moderate per-capita healthcare spending. The adult literacy rate stands at 99.9% (2011), reflecting near-universal literacy. 92.2% of the population use the internet (2024), indicating near-universal internet access. Access to safe drinking water reaches 98.9% of the population (2024), representing near-universal access to safe drinking water.