Romania
Country statistics · 1990–present
Romania at a Glance
Romania is home to 19.1 million people as of 2024, with a population that is experiencing significant natural population decline. At a GDP per capita of $31,581, it is an upper-middle-income economy — reflecting a developed economy with strong living standards. Life expectancy at birth stands at 76.5 years, close to the global average.
Population Trends
The total resident population stood at 19.1 million as of 2024. With a birth rate of 7.5 and a death rate of 12.8 per 1,000 people (2024), the natural growth rate stands at -5.3 per 1,000 — equivalent to roughly -100,975 additional residents each year from natural change alone.
Economy & Development
Romania is a mid-sized economy, with a total GDP that is projected at $579 billion (2029 IMF projection). At $31,581 per person, it is classified as an upper-middle-income economy — reflecting a developed economy with strong living standards. Real GDP growth is projected at 2.9% in 2029, representing modest growth. The unemployment rate is projected at 5.7% (2029 IMF projection), indicating moderate unemployment.
Health & Society
Life expectancy at birth is 76.5 years (2024), close to the global average. Current health expenditure per person is $1,051 (2023), representing limited per-capita healthcare spending. The adult literacy rate stands at 99.2% (2021), reflecting near-universal literacy. 91.3% of the population use the internet (2024), indicating near-universal internet access. Access to safe drinking water reaches 82.2% of the population (2024), representing broad access to safe drinking water.